Grain

Grain denotes the individual crystal within a metal’s microstructure or, in powder processing, a single particle within a granular ensemble. In metallic wire meshes, grain size and orientation determine strength, ductility, and corrosion behaviour—fine grains enhance tensile strength and fatigue life, while coarse grains may favour ductility and easier weaving. Grain boundaries act as diffusion paths and can become initiation sites for corrosion or embrittlement if improperly heat-treated. In polymeric or ceramic materials, ‘grain’ can analogously refer to structural domains that affect porosity and surface energy. Controlled grain structure through alloy selection, annealing, or work-hardening ensures predictable mechanical and chemical stability in demanding filtration and process environments.